Montana Natural Heritage Program (MTNHP) Sanborn University of Idaho 20171231 2017 Fgdb raster digital data Montana Geographic Information Clearinghouse Montana State Library Montana Natural Heritage Program (MTNHP). 2017. Montana Land Cover/Land Use Theme. Helena, Montana. https://gisservicemt.gov/arcgis/rest/services/MSDI_Framework/LandCover/MapServer https://mslservices.mt.gov/Geographic_Information/Data/DataList/datalist_Details.aspx?did={4bec3aa2-2f1c-4ecb-afda-d6cdbeb5e55a} This statewide land cover theme is a baseline digital map of the natural and human land cover of Montana. The baseline map is adapted from the Northwest ReGAP project land cover classification, which used 30m resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery acquired between 1999 and 2001. Vegetation classes were drawn from the Ecological System Classification developed by NatureServe (Comer et al. 2003). The land cover classes were developed by Anderson et al. (1976). The NWGAP effort encompasses 12 map zones. Montana overlaps seven of these zones. The two NWGAP teams responsible for the initial land cover mapping effort in Montana were Sanborn and NWGAP at the University of Idaho. Both Sanborn and NWGAP employed a similar modeling approach in which Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models were applied to Landsat ETM scenes. The Spatial Analysis Lab within the Montana Natural Heritage Program was responsible for developing a seamless Montana land cover map with a consistent statewide legend from these two separate products. Additionally, the Montana land cover layer incorporates several other land cover and land use products (e.g., MSDI Structures and Transportation themes and the Montana Department of Revenue Final Land Unit classification) and reclassifications based on plot-level data and the latest NAIP imagery to improve accuracy and enhance the usability of the theme. Additional updates to improve the accuracy are conducted on an annual basis (e.g., including the latest fire perimeter and oil, gas, and wind turbine location information). New MSDI Land Cover themes will be made available through the Montana Geographic Information Clearinghouse, hosted by Montana State Library (MSL) on an annual basis. Additionally, previous versions will be archived and available. This version was last updated December 2017. Originally this land cover classification was an update of the Gap Analysis Program's mapping and assessment of biodiversity for the five-state region encompassing Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. Specifically, the primary objective of the update was to identify biotic elements that are underrepresented on lands managed from their long term conservation. Additionally, the updated Montana land cover layer may be used for analyses at the regional, sub-regional, and landscape levels; it may also provide support for management disciplines, including timber, wildlife, fisheries, and recreation. This service displays the MSDI Framework Land Cover as compiled by the Montana Natural Heritage Program. This is the 2017 version, which has been modified substantially since 2013, especially with regards to human land uses and fire extent. There are three levels of grouping that can be displayed at ANY scale. The default is to display each LandCover value as its own unique color. Operations allowed include: Map (Display), Query (Identity), Data (Find). Beyond 1:2,000,000 scale, the default grouping is Level 1, with 8 broad cataegories. From 1:2,000,000 to 1:250,000, the default is Level 2, with 27 categories. Beyond 1:250,000, each LandCover value has its own unique value, and corresponds to Level 3 ecological systems. Additional information can be obtained from the Montana Field Guide at https://fieldguide.mt.gov/displayES_LCLU.aspx 20020101 20171231 ground condition Complete Annually -116.690486 -102.813607 50.410933 43.743662 ISO 19115 Topic Category farming biota environment imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Montana Spatial Data Infrastructure MSDI Land Cover Landcover LULC Land Use Land Cover Montana Spatial Data Infrastructure Land Cover Imagery/Base Maps/Earth Cover Montana MT None Use of this grid is not recommended for fine-scale analyses (i.e. less than 1:100,000). Montana Natural Heritage Program Jessica J. Mitchell Spatial Analysis Lab Director physical

32 Campus Drive, Natural Sciences, Room 313,University of Montana

Missoula Montana 59812 406-243-5196 Jessica.mitchell@mso.umt.edu Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1.4959 Montana State Library ftp://ftp.gis.mt.gov/TransportationFramework None Montana Transportation Framework The MSDI Transportation Framework (2012) was the basis for the road data represented in land use classes. National Gap Analysis Program 20100101 ESRI Grid This dataset combines the work of two different projects to create a seamless data set for the contiguous United States. Montana overlaps 7 of these zones (10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 30). NWGAP mapped zones 10, 19 and 21 in western Montana. Sanborn mapped zones 20, 22, 29, 30 in eastern Montana. ftp://ftp.gap.uidaho.edu/outgoing/National/National_landcover.zip 100000 None REGAP Northwest Gap Analysis data were the basis of this land cover layer Montana Department of Revenue 20100101 ESRI personal geodatabase http://nris.mt.gov/nsdi/nris/mdb/revenue_flu.zip None FLU Classification The Department of Revenue used the 2005 NAIP (1 meter resolution) to produce a fine-scale, detailed layer of data used in property valuation for agriculture and forest land on private properties, the Final Land Unit (FLU) Classification. FLU data were used throughout the study area to improve the Pasture/Hay and Cultivated Cropland classes. Pixels not coded as agriculture in the original landcover layer were reclassified to the closest grassland type. Natural Resources Conservation Service Montana State Office 20070508 http://nris.mt.gov/nrcs/reap None REAP The 10 meter resolution Relative Effective Annual Precipitation (REAP) values were used to reclass pixels from 4266 to 4242 (RM Montana Douglas-Fir Forest and Woodland to RM Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland) USGS 20100101 ESRI file geodatabase http://nhd.usgs.gov/data.html 24000 None NHD The high resolution National Hydrography Dataset was used throughout the study area to reclass pixels as either open or closed depression wetlands. Montana State Library ftp://ftp.gis.mt.gov/StructuresFramework None Montana Structures/Addresses Framework The Montana Structures/Addresses Framework provided the base data for identification of developed lands U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), EROS Data Center http://ned.usgs.gov/ None 30m NED The 30 meter resolution US. Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED) was used to generate a grid of slope in order to reclass pixels as cliffs and canyons. The NED was also used to define elevations breaks for certain ecological systems throughout the study area. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture For specific dates, go to each county/survey area http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov 24000 None SSURGO SSURGO data were used throughout the study area. USDA-Farm Services Agency Aerial Photography Field Office 20120101 http://nris.mt.gov/nsdi/orthophotos/naip_2011.asp None NAIP The 1-meter resolution 2011 NAIP (National Agriculture Imagery Program) imagery was used throughout the study area to reclass pixels. The Revenue FLU dataset was developed from the 2005 NAIP. None Montana Department of Revenue Final Land Unit Classification: https://ftpgeoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/NonMSDI/Geodatabases/01312017_FLU.zip - used for the 2017 update to the Agriculture data. None MSDI Transportation Framework: http://geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Home/msdi/transportation - used for the 2017 update to the Roads data. None MSDI Structure Framework: https://ftpgeoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/AddressStructures/ - used for the 2017 update to the Sturctures data. None Geomac fire perimeters: https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/GeoMAC/ - used for the 2017 updates to the Fire data. None Landsat 8 imagery: https://glovis.usgs.gov/ - used for the 2017 updates to the Fire data. None Regional VMap: R1_Regional_VMap_v17.gbd, personal request to Jed Gregory (jedgregory@fs.fed.us) - used for the 2017 updates to the Fire data. ReGAP modifications. 20090101 Modifications to Sanborn classification: Individual ecological systems were modified extensively. For details on this and all other processing steps, please refer to landcover_processing_history_03282016.pdf. 20090101 Statewide improvements to cliffs and canyons; agriculture and pasture/hay. 20100101 Statewide improvements (2011/2012) to large river valley bottoms; wildfire perimeters. 20120101 Updates to development; oil, gas, and wind turbines; fire perimeters; and specific ecological systems. 20130101 Updates to insect-affected forests. 20140101 Updates to agriculture; snow and ice; fire perimeters; Russian olive; CMR Wildlife Refuge vicinity. 20150101 Agriculture was updated using the 2017 Department of Revenue FLU vector layer, converted to raster format based on the LType classification: C (Continuously Cropped), F (Summer Fallow), and I (Irrigated) were reclassed to Cultivated Crops (ESLF 82), and H (Non-Irrigated Hay Land) to Hay/Pasture (ESLF 81). Pixels previously classified as Hay/pasture or Cultivated in Landcover but now a non-agricultural type in the latest FLU were reclassed to the most appropriate ESFL/land use class using NAIP 2015 as a visual aid. 20171231 New roads were added using the most recent MSDI Transportation Framework layer (Transportation_Framework10; November 2017). Only roads with SURFACETYP = asphalt, concrete, or paved were used. The dataset was converted to a raster based on the "System" attribute and crosswalked to Land Use classes: NHS Interstate to “Interstate”, ESLF 26; NHS Non-Interstate, Primary, Secondary and Ramp to “Major Roads”, ESLF 27; all other paved roads to “Other Roads”, ESLF 28. Because of the possibility of small pixel shifts between the newest road vector (once converted to raster) and the previous dataset, a manual selection was conducted in order to avoid duplicating road pixels: road pixels from the 2016 Landcover were selected and displayed on top of the newest road vector dataset, and only those new roads still visible (i.e., not already mapped into Landcover) were selected. After converting the vectors to raster, new road pixels were added to Landcover. 20171231 New Fires - The last fire update used Geomac fires up to 09/15/2014. For this update, the past three years of Geomac fire perimeters (2015 through 2017) were downloaded, selecting for each fire the most recent perimeter and generating a single, 2015-2017 vector layer of perimeters which was used to extract Landcover pixels for reclassification. Non-forest classes were reclassed as follows: Sagebrush ESLF to “Burned Sagebrush”, shrubland ESLF to “Recently Burned Shrubland”. For grasslands, however, examination of several years of NIR Landsat imagery following a fire showed that the spectral signature of burned and unburned grasslands does not differ significantly as early as one year post-fire. In the absence of field data demonstrating the return of a burned grassland ESLF to its original state the following year, grassland ESLF were reclassed to “Recently Burned Grasslands” for the year of a given fire as well as the following year, but not for two years post-fire. In other words, grassland pixels within 2016 or 2017 fire perimeters were reclassed to “Recently Burned Grassland”, but grassland pixels within 2015 fire perimeters were left unchanged. Reclassifications for forested pixels were based on early fall 2017 Landsat 8 imagery. P40R27 and P40R28 scenes had too much smoke/clouds for post-fire September Landsat imagery, but the only recent clear scenes (10/24) had too much snow. Therefore, the two 2017 fires located within these scenes and not covered by neighboring scenes (Park Creek and Alice Creek fires) were coded as 100% burned, as were several small 2015 and 2016 fires (after checking imagery jpegs for the corresponding years/scenes). The Bear Lake fire (09/06/2015) overlapped scene P40R28 from 08/02/2016. For all other fires, cloud-free 2017 Landsat 8 imagery was downloaded and processed to obtain reflectance values then tasseled cap transformations. The 3rd tasseled cap band, wetness, was reclassed to binary using a cutoff value of 0 (>0 = “wet”, a proxy to live forest) in western Montana and a cutoff value of -0.05 in eastern Montana because a 0 cutoff was too restrictive. Priority was given to the most cloud- and haze-free scene in areas of overlap between scenes. Resulting binary rasters were projected to Montana Lambert and merged into a single raster, which was combined with forested pixels within fire perimeters. Forested pixels overlapping “wet” pixels were kept unchanged, while the others were reclassed to “Recently Burned Forest”. In addition to using Geomac perimeters, Landsat images were visually scanned for any burned area not mapped via Geomac; perimeters were digitized onscreen and vegetation within was processed as above. This added 47,505 acres of potentially burned vegetation, mostly in eastern Montana, to the 1,133,626 acres from Geomac. 20171231 Updates to pre-2015 burned vegetation - All “Recently Burned Grassland” pixels from fires older than 2016 were reverted to the appropriate grassland ESLF: in Eastern Montana, to Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie, unless on sandy soil (then Great Plain Sand Prairie); in Western Montana, to Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland at elevation < 5000’, or to Rocky Mountain Subalpine-upper montane grassland at elevation >= 5000’. Because this reclassification had never been done, it led to a large number of reclassed pixels. “Recently Burned Shrubland” pixels were reverted to shrubland ESLF in fires older than 10 years (i.e., perimeters <= 2007 that have not reburned since). Burned sagebrush does not revert as fast to its original ESLF; pixels classified as “Burned Sagebrush” were therefore kept unchanged. Pixels classified as “Post-Fire Recovery”, corresponding to some forest pixels within 1998-2009 fire perimeters, were kept unchanged. All “Recently Burned Forest” pixels were first extracted from the Landcover, then pixels within 2010-2017 fire perimeters were removed from this selection. Remaining pixels were updated using two different datasets: the most recent regional VMap vector dataset from the Forest Service, as well as a 1m-pixel, 2011 NAIP-based classification of live/dead trees. The VMap regional dataset is based on multiple date imagery: 2009 NAIP (Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Flathead), 2011 NAIP (Nezperce-Clearwater and Helena-Lewis and Clark), 2013 NAIP (Custer-Gallatin and Bitterroot-Lolo), and 2016 Rapid Eye (Idaho Panhandle-Kootenai). Because post-fire recovery in forested ecosystems will not occur for several years following a fire, this did not constitute a problem; all “Recently Burned Forest” pixels in fires 2010-2017 were kept as such. “Recently Burned Forest” pixels in older fires were extracted, converted to a shapefile, and used to clip the VMap vector dataset. Reclassifications followed these rules: DOM_GRP_6040 = “TRANSITIONAL FOREST” and LIFEFORM = “HERB” or “SPVEG”: Landcover pixels kept as “Recently Burned Forest”; DOM_GRP_6040 = “SPVEG”, “HERB” or “GRASS” and LIFEFORM = “SPVEG” or “HERB”: Landcover pixels kept as “Recently Burned Forest”; For pixels within all over VMap polygons (LIFEFORM = “SHRUB” or LIFEFORM = “TREE”), or for pixels outside of the VMap extent: I resampled the 1m-NAIP live-dead raster to 30m using the Majority rule, kept “Recently Burned Forest” pixels spatially matching "dead" pixels unchanged, but reclassed “Recently Burned Forest” pixels spatially matching "live" pixels to "Post-Fire Recovery". 20171231 Raster Grid Cell 24008 33005 1 NAD 1983 StatePlane Montana FIPS 2500 45.0 49.0 -109.5 44.25 600000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.000000008052669642211187 0.000000008052669642211187 meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 VAT_Landcover_2017 LEVEL2 Landcover subclass values at the intermediate level of classification that incorporates information on elevation and climate. Lowland/Prairie Grassland Low elevation grassland systems. Herbaceous - Herbs (graminoids, forbs, and ferns) dominant (generally forming at least 25% cover, trees, shrubs, and dwarf-shrubs generally with less than 25% cover). Herb cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, shrub, dwarf-shrub, and nonvascular cover, respectively. 2a - Recently burned Recently burned forest, shrubland or grassland systems. Depressional Wetland Wetland ecological systems were defined following a non-regulatory definition for wetlands, emphasizing three important attributes: (1) the hydrology is such that there is some degree of flooding or soil saturation; (2) the vegetation is composed of plants adapted to grow in water or in a soil or substrate that is occasionally oxygen deficient due to saturation (hydrophytes); and (3) the soils are those saturated long enough during the growing season to produce oxygen-deficient conditions in the upper part of the soil, which commonly includes the major part of the root zone of plants (hydric soils). Forested marsh Ecological systems characterized by woody vegetation that is 6 m tall or taller, occurring on poorly drained soils that are saturated year-round or may have seasonal flooding in the spring . 1b - Mining and Resource Extraction Strip mines and gravel pits Scrub and Dwarf Shrubland Native, non-riparian scrub and dwarf shrubland not dominated by Artemisia spp. Dwarf-shrubland - Low-growing shrubs usually under 0.5 m tall. Individuals or clumps overlapping to not touching (generally forming more than 25% cover, trees and tall shrubs generally less than 25% cover). Dwarfshrub cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Sagebrush-dominated Shrubland Artemisia-dominated shrubland and dwarf-shrubland Wet meadow An herbaceous wetland dominated by plants rooted in occasionally flooded soils. Conifer-dominated forest and woodland (xeric-mesic) Natural coniferous forest and woodland systems occurring in moderately moist to moist conditions. Evergreen - Greater than 75% of the total woody cover is never without green foliage. Forest - Trees with their crowns overlapping (generally forming 60-100% cover). Woodland - Open stands of trees with crowns not usually touching (generally forming 25-60% cover). Canopy tree cover may be less than 25% in cases where it exceeds shrub, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. 2b - Harvested forest Recently cut forest systems with grass, shrub or tree regeneration Sagebrush steppe Artemisia-dominated steppe (between 10% and 40% shrub cover). 1a - Developed Developed, Open Space - areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes. Developed, Low Intensity - areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. Developed, Medium Intensity - areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. NLCD 2001; http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd_definitions.php Montane Grassland Grassland systems occurring from lower montane to upper montane-subalpine elevations. Herbaceous - Herbs (graminoids, forbs, and ferns) dominant (generally forming at least 25% cover, trees, shrubs, and dwarf-shrubs generally with less than 25% cover). Herb cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, shrub, dwarf-shrub, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Introduced Vegetation Introduced upland and riparian communities dominated by invasive alien species. Though these communities are often casually considered as "planted/cultivated," they are spontaneous, self-perpetuating, and not the (immediate) result of planting, cultivation, or human maintenance. Land occupied by invasive communities is generally permanently altered (converted) unless restoration efforts are undertaken Floodplain and riparian Flood plain - (bottomland) The nearly level alluvial plain that borders a stream and is subject to inundation under flood-stage conditions unless protected artificially. It is usually a constructional landform built of sediment deposited during overflow and lateral migration of the stream. Riparian: A narrow zone of habitats, which may or may not be vegetated, directly associated with streamsides or lake shores, or similar immediately adjacent habitat. Open Water All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil . NLCD 2001; http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd_definitions.php Cliff, Canyon and Talus Barren and sparsely vegetated landscapes (generally &lt;10% plant cover) of steep cliff faces, narrow canyons, and smaller rock outcrops of various igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic bedrock types. Also included is vegetation of unstable scree and talus slopes that typically occurs below cliff faces. Deciduous Shrubland Native, non-riparian deciduous shrubland. Shrubland - Shrubs generally greater than 0.5 m tall with individuals or clumps overlapping to not touching (generally forming more than 25% cover, trees generally less than 25% cover). Shrub cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Vegetation dominated by woody vines is generally treated in this class. Bog or Feb Wetlands with peat or muck substrate resulting from unusual water chemistry; includes areas of highly mineralized groundwater discharge (e.g., many fens) as well as sterile rainwater catch-basins (e.g., many bogs) and other peatlands. Herbaceous Marsh The Emergent Wetland Class is characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants. All water regimes are included except subtidal and irregularly exposed . (Cowardin et al. 1979) Alpine Sparse and Barren Barren or sparsely vegetated substrate above mountain timberline. Sparse Vegetation: Abiotic substrate features dominant. Vegetation is scattered to nearly absent and generally restricted to areas of concentrated resources (total vegetation cover is typically less than 25% and greater than 0%). Alpine Grassland and Shrubland Herbaceous and low shrubby vegetation above mountain timberline. Herbaceous - Herbs (graminoids, forbs, and ferns) dominant (generally forming at least 25% cover, trees, shrubs, and dwarf-shrubs generally with less than 25% cover). Herb cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, shrub, dwarf-shrub, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Shrubland - Shrubs generally greater than 0.5 m tall with individuals or clumps overlapping to not touching (generally forming more than 25% cover, trees generally less than 25% cover). Shrub cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. 1c - Agriculture Summer fallow farmland, a method of farming in arid and semi-arid areas without using irrigation which consists of cultivating a given area in alternate years (usually every other year), allowing moisture to be stored in the un-cropped (fallow) year. Even if grain crops are occasionally sequenced with alfalfa or other nitrogen fixing crops, the land will be classified as fallow if grain is the principle crop. Continuously cropped, a method of farming without irrigation in which crops are grown a majority of the time as part of a normal farming practice. Christmas tree plantation and fruit orchards are classified as continuously cropped farmland. Non-irrigated hay land, a method of farming whereby hay is cut a majority of the years. Native vegetation cut for hay yearly or majority of the time over a period of years. Non-irrigated alfalfa and other domestic varieties cut for hay yearly or the majority of the time. Irrigated land, a method of farming that uses man-made water delivery systems to apply water to hayland or cropland to increase production. All hay land and cropland that is irrigated a majority of the time over the long term. Department of Revenue's Final Land Unit Classification Bluff, Badland and Dune Badlands and inland dunes composed of barren and sparsely vegetated substrates. Mixed deciduous/coniferous forest and woodland Natural forest and woodland systems composed of a mixture of coniferous and deciduous species. Mixed evergreen-deciduous - Evergreen and deciduous species generally contribute 25-75% of the total woody cover.Forest - Trees with their crowns overlapping (generally forming 60-100% cover).Woodland - Open stands of trees with crowns not usually touching (generally forming 25-60% cover). Canopy tree cover may be less than 25% in cases where it exceeds shrub, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Deciduous dominated forest and woodland Natural deciduous forest and woodland systems, with the exception of riparian systems. Deciduous - Greater than 75% of the total woody cover sheds its foliage imultaneously in connection with the unfavorable season. Forest - Trees with their crowns overlapping (generally forming 60-100% cover). Woodland - Open stands of trees with crowns not usually touching (generally forming 25-60% cover). Canopy tree cover may be less than 25% in cases where it exceeds shrub, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. 2d - Insect Killed Forest Forests killed by insects. LEVEL1 Landcover class generally based on vegetative physiognomy (i.e. grassland, shrubland, forest), but also include aquatic and alpine cover classes, as well as human land uses. Unless otherwise noted, definitions follow the International Classification of Ecological Communities Terrestrial Vegetation of the United States: Volume I; http://www.natureserve.org/library/vol 1.pdf. 2 - Recently Disturbed or Modified Recently burned or harvested vegetation, and introduced upland and riparian vegetation. Shrubland, Steppe and Savanna Systems All natural shrub/scrub systems, with the exclusion of alpine and riparian systems. Shrubland: Shrubs generally greater than 0.5m tall with individuals or clumps overlapping to not touching (generally forming more than 25% cover, trees generally less than 25% cover). Shrub cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, dwarf-shrub, herb, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Vegetation dominated by woody vines is generally treated in this class. Dwarf shrubland: Low-growing shrubs usually under 0.5 m tall. Individuals or clumps overlapping to not touching (generally forming more than 25% cover, trees and tall shrubs generally less than 25% cover). 1 - Human Land Use Developed areas in rural or urban settings (including roads), strip mines and gravel pits, and agricultural lands. Grassland Systems All natural herbaceous systems, with the exclusion of alpine and riparian systems. Herbaceous: Herbs (graminoids, forbs, and ferns) dominant (generally forming at least 25% cover; trees, shrubs, and dwarf-shrubs generally with less than 25% cover). Herb cover may be less than 25% where it exceeds tree, shrub, dwarf-shrub, and nonvascular cover, respectively. Sparse and Barren Systems Badlands, dunes, and cliffs and canyons, that are characterized by sparse vegetation or are unvegetated. Abiotic substrate features dominant. Vegetation is scattered to nearly absent and generally restricted to areas of concentrated resources (total vegetation cover is typically less than 25% and greater than 0%). Forest and Woodland Systems All natural forest and woodland systems, with the exclusion of riparian systems. Alpine Systems Barren substrate or herbaceous and low shrubby vegetation above mountain timberline. Open Water/Wetland and Riparian Systems Natural systems located in areas where the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. ESLF_CODE ESLF Code used to identify the Ecological System or land use class that is specific to Montana http://fieldguide.mt.gov/displayES_LCLU.aspx 3130 Alpine Ice Field NatureServe/MTNHP 4303 Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 7116 Alpine Fell-Field NatureServe/MTNHP 2c2 Introduced Upland Vegetation - Annual and Biennial Forbland MTNHP/ReGap 5258 Mixed Salt Desert Scrub NatureServe/MTNHP 4233 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland NatureServe/MTNHP 4267 Rocky Mountain Poor Site Lodgepole Pine Forest NatureServe/MTNHP 4240 Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna NatureServe/MTNHP 9218 Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland NatureServe/MTNHP 2c5 Introduced Riparian and Wetland Vegetation MTNHP/ReGap 1a9 Wind turbine MTNHP/MTFWP 9156 Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 9103 Greasewood Flat NatureServe/MTNHP 0 Background 2a3 Recently burned forest MTNHP/ReGap 2a2 Post-Fire Recovery NLCD 2001 5262 Great Plains Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 4236 Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine-Juniper Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 4280 Great Plains Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna NatureServe/MTNHP 7118 Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Mesic Meadow NatureServe/MTNHP 1a4 High Intensity Residential NLCD 2001 4232 Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest NatureServe/MTNHP 5426 Rocky Mountain Foothill Woodland-Steppe Transition NatureServe/MTNHP 1a7 Other Roads NLCD 2001 4237 Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest NatureServe/MTNHP 7114 Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie NatureServe/MTNHP 1a3 Low Intensity Residential NLCD 2001 3173 Wyoming Basic Cliff and and Canyon NatureServe/MTNHP 3114 Great Plains Badlands NatureServe/MTNHP 5454 Big Sagebrush Steppe NatureServe/MTNHP 11 Open Water NLCD 2001 1a5 Interstate Hwy NLCD 2001 3139 Shale Badland NatureServe/MTNHP 1a8 Railroad NLCD 2001 4302 Aspen and Mixed Conifer Forest NatureServe/MTNHP 5203 Mat Saltbush Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 2c1 Introduced Upland Vegetation - Shrub MTNHP/ReGap 2c4 Introduced Upland Vegetation - Perennial Grassland and Forbland MTNHP/ReGap 1a6 Major Roads NLCD 2001 7112 Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland NatureServe/MTNHP 2c3 Introduced Upland Vegetation - Annual Grassland MTNHP/ReGap 1c2 Cultivated Crops NLCD 2001 5209 Low Sagebrush Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 9217 Alpine-Montane Wet Meadow NatureServe/MTNHP 9252 Great Plains Closed Depression Wetland NatureServe/MTNHP 9234 Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Fen NatureServe/MTNHP 9222 Emergent Marsh NatureServe/MTNHP 9326 Great Plains Riparian NatureServe/MTNHP 9162 Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool NatureServe/MTNHP 9187 Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 4104 Aspen Forest and Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 9159 Great Plains Floodplain NatureServe/MTNHP 9155 Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 9171 Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 9256 Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland NatureServe/MTNHP 2b2 Harvested forest-shrub regeneration MTNHP/ReGap 9111 Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp NatureServe/MTNHP 2d1 Insect-Killed Forest NLCD 2001 5263 Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 2a5 Recently burned shrubland MTNHP/ReGap 2b1 Harvested forest-tree regeneration MTNHP/ReGap 2b3 Harvested forest-grass regeneration MTNHP/ReGap 2a4 Recently burned grassland MTNHP/ReGap 2a1 Recently burned Sagebrush NLCD 2001 7121 Great Plains Sand Prairie NatureServe/MTNHP 4243 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 5207 Alpine Dwarf-Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 5257 Big Sagebrush Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 1a2 Developed, Open Space NLCD 2001 5326 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 4234 Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest NatureServe/MTNHP 5312 Rocky Mountain Montane-Foothill Deciduous Shrubland NatureServe/MTNHP 4242 Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 4328 Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine NatureServe/MTNHP 5000 Geysers and Hot Springs ReGap 4266 Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas-fir Forest and Woodland NatureServe/MTNHP 7113 Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Upper Montane Grassland NatureServe/MTNHP 5455 Montane Sagebrush Steppe NatureServe/MTNHP 3160 Active and Stabilized Dune NatureServe/MTNHP 3129 Rocky Mountain Cliff, Canyon and Massive Bedrock NatureServe/MTNHP 3135 Alpine Bedrock and Scree NatureServe/MTNHP 9203 Great Plains Prairie Pothole NatureServe/MTNHP 3142 Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop NatureServe/MTNHP 7117 Alpine Turf NatureServe/MTNHP 1c1 Pasture/Hay NLCD 2001 OBJECTID_1 VALUE Arbitrary value for display purposes SNAME GNAME COUNT Pixel Count - The number of 30 m X 30 m pixels per class OBJECTID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Definitions for landuse codes follow NLCD 2001 and National ReGAP. The ecological system definitions were originally developed by NatureServe and then modified by MTNHP to better match Montana vegetation. NLCD 2001: http://www.epa.gov/mrlc/classification.html NatureServe: http://www.natureserve.org/library/usEcologicalsystems.pdf Comer, P., D. Faber-Langendoen, R. Evans, S. Gawler, C. Josse, G. Kittel, S. Menard, M. Pyne, M. Reid, K. Schulz, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2003. Ecological Systems of the United States: A Working Classification of U.S. Terrestrial Systems. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. MTNHP: a link to detailed description of ecological systems in Montana can be found at http://fieldguide.mt.gov/displayES_LCLU.aspx Unless otherwise noted, definitions follow the International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the United States: Volume I; (http://www.natureserve.org/library/vol1.pdf) Montana State Library Jessica J. Mitchell (MTNHP Spatial Analysis Lab) mailing

32 Campus Drive,Natural Sciences, Room 313, University of Montana

Missoula MT 59812 406-243-5196 Jessica.mitchell@mso.umt.edu Live Data and Maps 20180104 Montana Natural Heritage Program Jessica J. Mitchell Spatial Analysis Lab Director physical

32 Campus Drive, Natural Sciences, Room 313,University of Montana

Missoula MT 59812 US 406-243-5196 Jessica.mitchell@mso.umt.edu FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time {B24A26F3-0BAD-42FC-858A-426FD5DF1063}